Relationship between big five personality and health literacy in elderly patients with chronic diseases: the mediating roles of family communication and self-efficacy

0
Relationship between big five personality and health literacy in elderly patients with chronic diseases: the mediating roles of family communication and self-efficacy
  • Atella, V. et al. Trends in age-related disease burden and healthcare utilization. Aging Cell. 18 (1), e12861 (2019).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Han, X., Wei, C. & Cao, G. Y. Aging, generational shifts, and energy consumption in urban China. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 119 (37), e2210853119 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, J. et al. Current state of care for the elderly in China in the context of an aging population. Biosci. Trends. 16 (2), 107–118 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, T. N. M., Whitehead, L., Saunders, R. & Dermody, G. Systematic review of perception of barriers and facilitators to chronic disease self-management among older adults: implications for evidence-based practice. Worldviews Evid. Based Nurs. 19 (3), 191–200 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • World Health Organization. Noncommunicable diseases[EB/OL]. https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases

  • Dogra, S. et al. Active aging and Public Health: evidence, implications, and opportunities. Annu. Rev. Public. Health. 43, 439–459 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, H. et al. The Association between Family Health and Frailty with the Mediation Role of Health Literacy and Health Behavior among older adults in China: Nationwide Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Public. Health Surveill. 9, e44486 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, D., Sun, X., He, F., Liu, C. & Wu, Y. The mediating effect of family health on the relationship between health literacy and mental health: a national cross-sectional survey in China. Int. J. Soc. Psychiatry. 69 (6), 1490–1500 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Palumbo, R. Examining the impacts of health literacy on healthcare costs. An evidence synthesis. Health Serv. Manage. Res. 30 (4), 197–212 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Al Sayah, F., Majumdar, S. R., Williams, B., Robertson, S. & Johnson, J. A. Health literacy and health outcomes in diabetes: a systematic review. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 28 (3), 444–452 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Caruso, R. et al. Health literacy in type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Acta Diabetol. 55 (1), 1–12 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Loiselle, C. G. Cancer information-seeking preferences linked to distinct patient experiences and differential satisfaction with cancer care. Patient Educ. Couns. 102 (6), 1187–1193 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • McCloud, R. F., Jung, M., Gray, S. W. & Viswanath, K. Class, race and ethnicity and information avoidance among cancer survivors. Br. J. Cancer. 108 (10), 1949–1956 (2013).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Morris, N. S. et al. The association between health literacy and cancer-related attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge. J. Health Commun. 18 (Suppl 1(Suppl 1), 223–241 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi, L. C. & Smith, S. G. Cancer fatalism, literacy, and Cancer Information seeking in the American Public. Health Educ. Behav. 43 (4), 461–470 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodriguez, G. M. et al. Exploring cancer care needs for Latinx adults: a qualitative evaluation. Support Care Cancer. 31 (1), 76 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Paige, S. R., Flood-Grady, E., Krieger, J. L., Stellefson, M. & Miller, M. D. Measuring health information seeking challenges in chronic disease: a psychometric analysis of a brief scale. Chronic Illn. 17 (2), 151–156 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, D. W., Wolf, M. S., Feinglass, J. & Thompson, J. A. Health literacy, cognitive abilities, and mortality among elderly persons. J. Gen. Intern. Med. 23 (6), 723–726 (2008).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Jafari, Y., Tehrani, H., Esmaily, H., Shariati, M. & Vahedian-Shahroodi, M. Family-centred empowerment program for health literacy and self-efficacy in family caregivers of patients with multiple sclerosis. Scand. J. Caring Sci. 34 (4), 956–963 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Papadakos, J. et al. The association of self-efficacy and health literacy to chemotherapy self-management behaviors and health service utilization. Support Care Cancer. 30 (1), 603–613 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Aliakbari, F., Tavassoli, E., Alipour, F. M. & Sedehi, M. Promoting health literacy and Perceived Self-Efficacy in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Iran. J. Nurs. Midwifery Res. 27 (4), 331–336 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Luo, J. et al. Personality and health: disentangling their between-person and within-person relationship in three longitudinal studies. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 122 (3), 493–522 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kern, M. L. & Friedman, H. S. Personality and pathways of influence on Physical Health. Soc. Pers. Psycho Comp. 5 (1), 76–87 (2011).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Axelsson, M., Lötvall, J., Cliffordson, C., Lundgren, J. & Brink, E. Self-efficacy and adherence as mediating factors between personality traits and health-related quality of life. Qual. Life Res. 22 (3), 567–575 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwasa, H. & Yoshida, Y. Personality and health literacy among community-dwelling older adults living in Japan. Psychogeriatrics. 20 (6), 824–832 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shi, Y., Ma, D., Zhang, J. & Chen, B. In the digital age: a systematic literature review of the e-health literacy and influencing factors among Chinese older adults. Z. Gesundh Wiss. 31 (5), 679–687 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Alhani, F. et al. The effect of family-centered empowerment model on the quality of life of adults with chronic diseases: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Affect. Disord. 316, 140–147 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Francescato, D. et al. Dispositional characteristics, relational well-being and perceived life satisfaction and empowerment of elders. Aging Ment Health. 21 (10), 1052–1057 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Freund, T., Gensichen, J., Goetz, K., Szecsenyi, J. & Mahler, C. Evaluating self-efficacy for managing chronic disease: psychometric properties of the six-item self-efficacy scale in Germany. J. Eval Clin. Pract. 19 (1), 39–43 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lorig, K. R. et al. Chronic disease self-management program: 2-year health status and health care utilization outcomes. Med. Care. 39 (11), 1217–1223 (2001).

    Article 
    ADS 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, F. & Sheng, Y. Social support network, social support, self-efficacy, health-promoting behavior and healthy aging among older adults: a pathway analysis. Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 85, 103934 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Scott, K. et al. Another voice in the crowd: the challenge of changing family planning and child feeding practices through mHealth messaging in rural central India. BMJ Glob Health. 6 (Suppl 5), e005868 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Chan, X. W. et al. Work–family enrichment and satisfaction: the mediating role of self-efficacy and work–life balance. Intern. J. Hum. Res. Manag. 27 (15), 1755–1776 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayat, A. A., Kohoulat, N., Amini, M. & Faghihi, S. A. A. The predictive role of personality traits on academic performance of medical students: the mediating role of self-efficacy. Med. J. Islam Repub. Iran. 34, 77 (2020).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rizzuto, D., Mossello, E., Fratiglioni, L., Santoni, G. & Wang, H. X. Personality and survival in older age: the role of Lifestyle behaviors and Health Status. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 25 (12), 1363–1372 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Israel, S. et al. Translating personality psychology to help personalize preventive medicine for young adult patients. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 106 (3), 484–498 (2014).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, F. et al. Causal influences of neuroticism on mental health and cardiovascular disease. Hum. Genet. 140 (9), 1267–1281 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Esmaeilinasab, M. et al. Type II diabetes and personality; a study to explore other psychosomatic aspects of diabetes. J. Diabetes Metab. Disord. 15, 54 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Y., Li, H., Han, L. & Yin, S. Relationship between big five personality and pathological internet use: Mediating effects of Loneliness and Depression. Front. Psychol. 12, 739981 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwasa, H. et al. Personality and participation in mass health checkups among Japanese community-dwelling elderly. J. Psychosom. Res. 66 (2), 155–159 (2009).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Shea, D. M., Dotson, V. M. & Fieo, R. A. Aging perceptions and self-efficacy mediate the association between personality traits and depressive symptoms in older adults. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 32 (12), 1217–1225 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, B. P., Roberts, B., Lyness, J. & Duberstein, P. Personality and physician-assessed illness burden in older primary care patients over 4 years. Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. 21 (8), 737–746 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ediger, J. P. et al. Predictors of medication adherence in inflammatory bowel disease. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 102 (7), 1417–1426 (2007).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Huver, R. M., Otten, R., de Vries, H. & Engels, R. C. Personality and parenting style in parents of adolescents. J. Adolesc. 33 (3), 395–402 (2010).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mallinger, J. B., Griggs, J. J. & Shields, C. G. Family communication and mental health after breast cancer. Eur. J. Cancer Care (Engl). 15 (4), 355–361 (2006).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein, N. B., Ryan, C. E., Bishop, D. S., Miller, I. W. & Keitner, G. I. The McMaster Model: A view of Healthy Family Functioning (The Guilford Press, 2003).

  • Haj Hashemi, F., Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F., Oujian, P., Mofid, B. & Bazargan, M. Relationship between perceived social support and psychological hardiness with family communication patterns and quality of life of oncology patients. Nurs. Open. 8 (4), 1704–1711 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Branje, S. J., van Lieshout, C. F. & van Aken, M. A. Relations between big five personality characteristics and perceived support in adolescents’ families. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 86 (4), 615–628 (2004).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tov, W., Nai, Z. L. & Lee, H. W. Extraversion and Agreeableness: divergent routes to daily satisfaction with Social relationships. J. Pers. 84 (1), 121–134 (2016).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, S. A., Patmos, A. & Pitts, M. J. Communication and teleworking: a study of communication channel satisfaction, personality, and job satisfaction for teleworking employees. Int. J. Bus. Commun. 55 (1), 44–68 (2018).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruck, C. S. & Allen, T. D. The relationship between big five personality traits, negative affectivity, type A behavior, and work–family conflict. J. Vocat. Behav. 63 (3), 457–472 (2003).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sims, C. M. Do the big-five personality traits predict empathic listening and assertive communication? Int. J. list. 31 (3), 163–188 (2017).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J. D. & Pilkonis, P. A. Neuroticism and affective instability: the same or different? Am. J. Psychiatry. 163 (5), 839–845 (2006).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zambrana, R. E. et al. Association between Family Communication and Health Literacy among Underserved Racial/Ethnic women. J. Health Care Poor Underserved. 26 (2), 391–405 (2015).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutta-Bergman, M. Trusted online sources of health information: differences in demographics, health beliefs, and health-information orientation. J. Med. Internet Res. 5 (3), e21 (2003).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Paasche-Orlow, M. K. & Wolf, M. S. The causal pathways linking health literacy to health outcomes. Am. J. Health Behav. 31 (Suppl 1), S19–26 (2007).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Modecki, K. L., Goldberg, R. E., Wisniewski, P. & Orben, A. What is Digital Parenting? A systematic review of Past Measurement and Blueprint for the future. Perspect. Psychol. Sci. 17 (6), 1673–1691 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. et al. The mediating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between big five personality and depressive symptoms among Chinese unemployed population: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry. 14, 61 (2014).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Franks, P., Chapman, B., Duberstein, P. & Jerant, A. Five factor model personality factors moderated the effects of an intervention to enhance chronic disease management self-efficacy. Br. J. Health Psychol. 14 (Pt 3), 473–487 (2009).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P. G., D O’Brien, C. & Colder, C. R. The effects of neuroticism and extraversion on self-assessed health and health-relevant cognition. Pers. Individ Differ. 37 (1), 83–94 (2004).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebstrup, J. F., Eplov, L. F., Pisinger, C. & Jørgensen, T. Association between the five factor personality traits and perceived stress: is the effect mediated by general self-efficacy? Anxiety Stress Coping. 24 (4), 407–419 (2011).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Suarilah, I. & Lin, C. C. Factors influencing self-management among Indonesian patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease: a cross-sectional study. J. Clin. Nurs. 31 (5–6), 703–715 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiraki, Z. & Yılmaz, M. Cervical Cancer Knowledge, Self-Efficacy, and health literacy levels of Married Women. J. Cancer Educ. 33 (6), 1270–1278 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Collado-Mateo, D. et al. Key factors Associated with Adherence to Physical Exercise in patients with chronic diseases and older adults: an Umbrella Review. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 18 (4), 2023 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Stock, S. et al. A cross-sectional analysis of health literacy: patient- versus family doctor-reported and associations with self-efficacy and chronic disease. BMC Fam Pract. 22 (1), 187 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shabany, M., NikbakhtNasrabadi, A., Mohammadi, N. & Pruitt, S. D. Family-centered empowerment process in individuals with spinal cord injury living in Iran: a grounded theory study. Spinal Cord. 58 (2), 174–184 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebrahimi Belil, F., Alhani, F., Ebadi, A. & Kazemnejad, A. Self-efficacy of people with chronic conditions: a qualitative Directed Content Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 7 (11), 411 (2018).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu, Y., Fan, S., Liu, D. & Sun, X. Psychological and Behavior Investigation of Chinese residents: concepts, practices, and prospects. Chin. Gen. Pract. J. 27 (25), 3069–3075 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Y., Fan, S., Chen, W., & Wu, Y. Broader Open Data Needed in Psychiatry: Practice from the Psychology and Behavior Investigation of Chinese Residents. Alpha Psychiatry. 25 (4):564-565 (2024).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rammstedt, B. & John, O. P. Measuring personality in one minute or less: a 10-item short version of the big five inventory in English and German. J. Res. Pers. 41 (1), 203–212 (2007).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Akhlaq, A., Malik, N. I. & Khan, N. A. Family communication and family system as the predictors of family satisfaction in adolescents. Sci J Psychol. ; 2013. (2013).

  • Givertz, M. & Segrin, C. The association between overinvolved parenting and young adults’ self-efficacy, psychological entitlement, and family communication. Commun. Res. 41 (8), 1111–1136 (2014).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rivadeneira, J. & López, M. A. Family communication scale: validation in Chilean. Acta Colombiana De Psicología. 20 (2), 127–137 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • Olson, D. FACES IV and the Circumplex Model: validation study. J. Marital Fam Ther. 37 (1), 64–80 (2011).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo, N. et al. Factor structure and Psychometric properties of the Family Communication Scale in the Chinese Population. Front. Psychol. 12, 736514 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, F. et al. Reliability and Validity Analysis and Mokken Model of New General Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (NGSES-SF), 2022).

  • Duong, T. V. et al. Development and validation of a new short-form health literacy instrument (HLS-SF12) for the General Public in six Asian countries. Health Lit. Res. Pract. 3 (2), e91–e102 (2019).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • MacKinnon, D. P., Fritz, M. S., Williams, J. & Lockwood, C. M. Distribution of the product confidence limits for the indirect effect: program PRODCLIN. Behav. Res. Methods. 39 (3), 384–389 (2007).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y. & Podsakoff, N. P. Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. J. Appl. Psychol. 88 (5), 879–903 (2003).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Novak, J. R. et al. Does Personality Matter in Diabetes Adherence? Exploring the pathways between neuroticism and patient adherence in couples with type 2 diabetes. Appl. Psychol. Health Well Being. 9 (2), 207–227 (2017).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweren, L. J. S. et al. Diet quality, stress and common mental health problems: a cohort study of 121,008 adults. Clin. Nutr. 40 (3), 901–906 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandraas, K. F., Reinertsen, K. V., Kiserud, C. E., Bøhn, S. K. & Lie, H. C. Health literacy among long-term survivors of breast cancer; exploring associated factors in a nationwide sample. Support Care Cancer. 30 (9), 7587–7596 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Linkievicz, N. M. et al. Association between Big five personality factors and medication adherence in the elderly. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 44, e20200143 (2022).

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Malone, G. P., Pillow, D. R. & Osman, A. The general belongingness scale (GBS): assessing achieved belongingness. Pers. Individ Differ. 52 (3), 311–316 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, B. W. & Bogg, T. A longitudinal study of the relationships between conscientiousness and the social-environmental factors and substance-use behaviors that influence health. J. Pers. 72 (2), 325–354 (2004).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pokharel, M. et al. Health communication roles in latino, Pacific Islander, and caucasian families: a qualitative investigation. J. Genet. Couns. 29 (3), 399–409 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S. Y. & Sok, S. R. Relationships among the perceived health status, family support and life satisfaction of older Korean adults. Int. J. Nurs. Pract. 18 (4), 325–331 (2012).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • High, A. C. & Scharp, K. M. Examining family communication patterns and seeking social support direct and indirect effects through ability and motivation. Hum. Commun. Res. 41 (4), 459–479 (2015).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Clayman, M. L., Galvin, K. M. & Arntson, P. Shared decision making: fertility and pediatric cancers. Cancer Treat. Res. 138, 149–160 (2007).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Geçer, E. & Yıldırım, M. Family Communication and Psychological Distress in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: mediating role of coping. J. Fam Issues. 44 (1), 203–219 (2023).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, M. C. & Giles, H. The dark side of family communication: a communication model of elder abuse and neglect. Int. Psychogeriatr. 25 (8), 1275–1290 (2013).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mutlu, T., Balbag, Z. & Cemrek, F. The role of self-esteem, locus of control and big five personality traits in predicting hopelessness. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci. 9, 1788–1792 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Dwaikat, T. N., Rababah, J. A., Al-Hammouri, M. M. & Chlebowy, D. O. Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and psychological wellbeing of adults with type 2 diabetes. West. J. Nurs. Res. 43 (4), 288–297 (2021).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bogg, T. & Roberts, B. W. Conscientiousness and health-related behaviors: a meta-analysis of the leading behavioral contributors to mortality. Psychol. Bull. 130 (6), 887–919 (2004).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Garg, A. et al. Awareness about role of health literacy and self efficacy in tobacco cessation among primary health care workers: a quantitative questionnaire study. J. Family Med. Prim. Care. 11 (11), 7036–7041 (2022).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ge, P. et al. Self-medication in Chinese residents and the related factors of whether or not they would take suggestions from medical staff as an important consideration during self-medication. Front. Public. Health. 22, 10:1074559 (2022).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Smallheer, B. A. & Dietrich, M. S. Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and helplessness following myocardial infarctions. Crit. Care Nurs. Q. 42 (3), 246–255 (2019).

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkman, L. F., Glass, T., Brissette, I. & Seeman, T. E. From social integration to health: Durkheim in the new millennium. Soc. Sci. Med. 51 (6), 843–857 (2000).

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, H., Browning, C. & Thomas, S. Challenges in the provision of community aged care in China. Fam Med. Commun. Health. 1 (2), 32–42 (2013).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuster, M. et al. Avoidance orientation and the escalation of negative communication in intimate relationships. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 109 (2), 262–275 (2015).

    Article 
    MathSciNet 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • link

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *